![]() ![]() For all estimated traits, the fixed effects tested at an α-risk of 5% using the Wald F statistic of ASReml (Gilmour et al., 2009) were the birth farm for Pie and Pie NN and halothane-sensitivity gene status for Pie line. where y was the vector of phenotypes for the considered trait (R1, R2, and R3 considered as continuous phenotypes, IBW, ADG, LD100, BF100, FCR, DFI, and ABC) µ is the overall mean, β was the vector of fixed effects b was the vector of random fattening group effect, with ∼ N(0, I b σ 2 b ), where Iwas the identity matrix of appropriate size l was a vector of the common litter random effects with ∼ N(0, I l σ 2 l ) u was the vector of additive genetic random effects with ∼ N(0, Aσ 2 u ), where A was the pedigree-based relationship matrix X, V, W, and Z were the known incidence matrices for fixed, fattening group effects, litter effect, and animal genetic, respectively and e is the vector of residual random effects with ∼ N(0, I e σ 2 e ).
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